Diversité génétique et taille efficace chez les populations de poissons sauvages : le cas du Saumon atlantique un poisson migrateur amphihalin menacé

This thesis was concerned mainly with the genetic diversity and the effective size (Ne) of wild fish stocks of diadromous migratory endangered Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). For this, four populations were chosen in the northern (Scotland) and southern (France) part of Europe for their differences in their structure and management. This work led to the development of two new models. DemoDivMS predicted genetic diversity of a population whose evolutionary scenario, given by the user, describes variations of Ne during the previous generations. VarEff tries to estimate the effective sizes, sampling time and pasts, based on direct analytical calculations to shorten the time of calculations.