Comparing trap and bait efficiency to record the great crested newts (

A crucial aspect of conservation management for endangered newt species is the establishment of a monitoring methodology and the evaluation of trap efficacy to ensure the accuracy of data collection. In this study, we assessed three funnel trap types (prism shape, umbrella shape, and Ortmann's trap) to capture great crested newts (Triturus cristatus). We also tested three baits (chicken liver, chemical lights in glow sticks, and control traps without bait) and determined the optimal trap control time within a 12 h period. Our findings showed that the umbrella shape trap was most effective, catching five times more newts than the Ortmann's and prism shape traps. Surprisingly, the commonly used prism shape trap performed poorly. Bait type did not significantly impact newt captures compared to control traps. During the 12 h experiment, newts spent the longest time in the chicken liver-baited Ortmann's trap (averaging 4.5 h), while the umbrella shape trap with chicken liver bait had the highest turnover of individuals. We observed no behavioural response from “trap-shy” individuals. This study emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate traps, considering bait choice, and trap control time for effective monitoring of endangered newt populations.