Aided phytoextraction of Cu, Pb, Zn, and As in copper-contaminated soils with tobacco and sunflower in crop rotation: Mobility and phytoavailability assessment

Copper-contaminated soils were managed with aided phytoextraction in 31 field plots at a former woodpreservation site, using a single incorporation of compost (OM) and dolomitic limestone (DL) followed bya crop rotation with tobacco and sunflower. Six amended plots, with increasing total soil Cu, and oneunamended plot were selected together with a control uncontaminated plot. The mobility and phytoavailabilityof Cu, Zn, Cr and As were investigated after 2 and 3 years in soil samples collected in theseeight plots. Total Cu, Zn, Cr and As concentrations were determined in the soil pore water (SPW) andavailable soil Cu and Zn fractions by DGT. The Cu, Zn, Cr and As phytoavailability was characterized bygrowing dwarf beans on potted soils and determining the biomass of their plant parts and their foliarionome.Total Cu concentrations in the SPW increased with total soil Cu. Total Cu, Zn, Cr and As concentrationsin the SPW decreased in year 3 as compared to year 2, likely due to annual shoot removals by the plantsand the lixiviation. Available soil Cu and Zn fractions also declined in year 3. The Cu, Zn, Cr and Asphytoavailability, assessed by their concentration and mineral mass in the primary leaves of beans, wasreduced in year 3.